Atom

"All materials are made up of tiny “building blocks” known as atoms."

Important Points:

  • All naturally occurring atoms contain particles called electrons, protons, and neutrons, with the exception of the protium isotope (1H1) of hydrogen.

  • Electrons have a negative (-) electric charge.

  • Protons have a positive (+) electric charge.

  • Neutrons have no electric charge.

  • Electrons can be dislodged from atoms much easier than protons or neutrons.

  • Max No. of e in a Shell: 2*n^2.

  • By default an Atom is Neutral i.e No. of P = No. of e.

  • Atomic Number = No. of P

  • Mass Number = No. of P + No. of N

Example:

Atom Carbon: 12C6

Atomic No. = 6 = No. of P = No. of e

Mass No. = 12 = No. of P + No. of N

No. of N = Mass No. - Atomic No. = 6

Question:

  1. Draw the atomic structure of the following: Oxygen 16O8, Aluminium 27Al13, Silicon 35Cl17.

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